[7] The Board believes, however, that the weight of evidence supports the conclusion that, shortly after lift-off, the aircraft experienced an increase in drag and reduction in lift which resulted in a stall at low altitude from which recovery was not possible. The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF, was chartered to carry U.S. service personnel, all members of the 101st Airborne Division, United States Army, from a six-month deployment in the Sinai, where they had served in the Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeping mission, back to their base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky. Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF jetliner, registered N950JW, which operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, via Cologne, West Germany and Gander, Newfoundland. A memorial to the 256 victims at the crash site overlooks Gander Lake, and another memorial was erected at Fort Campbell. An in-flight fire that may have resulted from detonations of undetermined origin brought about catastrophic system failures. "[5], The report also noted the inadequacy of the data from the antiquated foil-tape Flight Data Recorder, which recorded only airspeed, altitude, heading, and vertical acceleration forces. [9], The "Silent Witness" Arrow Air Flight 1285 memorial at Gander Lake, as a DC-8 takes off in the background, Arrow Air Flight 1285 memorial at Ft. Campbell, Interpretive sign at Arrow Air Flight 1285 memorial at Gander Lake, Caskets being carried in for a memorial service at Dover AFB on 16 December 1985, On the day of the crash, responsibility was claimed by Islamic Jihad, a wing of Hezbollah. Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF jetliner, registered N950JW, which operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, via Cologne, Germany and Gander, Newfoundland. The flight was made up of three legs, with refueling stops in Cologne and Gander. [1][5], The Canadian Aviation Safety Board (CASB) investigated the crash, and, under the signature of five of nine board members, found that during its approach toward Gander, precipitation conditions were favorable for the formation of ice on the aircraft's wings. Once airborne, the airspeed reached 172 KIAS before decreasing again, causing the DC-8 to descend. There were also no steps on any of the standard checklists to test the functionality of the microphone, despite the existence of a button in the cockpit for that sole purpose. The DC-8 involved in the accident had been constructed in 1969, and had been leased to Arrow Ai… [4] Flight 1285 broke up, struck an unoccupied building[4] and exploded; this started an intense fire fed by the large amount of fuel carried on board for the final leg of the flight. Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a DC-8-63CF jetliner, registered N950JW, which operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, via Cologne, Germany and Gander, Newfoundland. Watson, Laurie (6 November 1988). However, this device was defective and failed to record anything. Arrow Air 1285, a chartered military DC-8, crash in Gander, Newfoundland, on December 12, 1985. p. A33. The story of the crash was featured on the eleventh season of Canadian TV series Mayday. In response to lack of confidence in accident investigations by the CASB, the Government of Canada shut down that board in 1990, replacing it with an independent, multi-modal investigative agency – the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. The Canadian Aviation Safety Board (CASB) investigated the crash, and, under the signature of five of nine board members, found that during its approach toward Gander, precipitation conditions were favorable for the formation of ice on the aircraft's wings. The most probable cause of the stall was determined to be ice contamination on the leading edge and upper surface of the wing. [4] The aircraft arrived at Gander International Airport at 09:04, where passengers departed the aircraft while the aircraft was refueled. The one piece of evidence that could have shown which one is correct was the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR). They had completed a six-month deployment in the Sinai, in the Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeping mission. A new flight crew, consisting of Captain John Griffin and First Officer Joseph Connelly (both 45), and Flight Engineer Michael Fowler (48), boarded the aircraft before it departed for Gander at 02:50 UTC. Pentagon and Canadian government officials rejected the claim, made by an anonymous caller to a French news agency in Beirut. The monument entitled Silent Witness a forever memory to Flight 1285, is located over looking the crash site of the charter Arrow Air DC-8 at Gander Lake, Newfoundland. "Errors By Crew Reportedly Cited In Gander Crash". The Board i… The claim was dismissed by the Canadian and U.S. governments soon afterward. [4] Wreckage from Arrow Air Flight 1285 in storage at a Gander Airport hangar for analysis by members of the Canadian Air Safety Board. [3] The DC-8 involved in the accident (registration N950JW)[7] had been constructed in 1969, and had been leased to Arrow Air by its owner/parent company, International Air Leases.[4]. Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8 jetliner that operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, via Cologne, West Germany, and Gander, Newfoundland.[1]. On 11 December 1985 at 20:35 GMT, Arrow Air Flight MF1285R, a Douglas DC-8-63, departed Cairo, Egypt on an international charter flight to Fort Campbell, USA via … Families, vets 'still healing' 30 years after Gander Arrow Air crash Thirty years ago this month, Arrow Air Flight 1285 crashed just minutes after stopping to refuel in Gander. [9], On the day of the crash, responsibility was claimed by Islamic Jihad. After landing, it continued to be exposed to "freezing and frozen precipitation capable of producing roughening on the wing upper surface" in addition to the freezing temperature. It rotated near taxiway A, 51 seconds after brake release, at an airspeed of about 167 KIAS. Philadelphia Inquirer, United Press International. 1.1 History of the Flight On 11 December 1985, Arrow Air Flight MF1285R, a Douglas DC-8-63, U.S. registration N950JW, departed Cairo, Egypt on an international charter flight to Fort Campbell, Kentucky (Ky), U.S.A. via Cologne, Germany, and Gander, Newfoundland. Other possible factors such as a loss of thrust from the number four engine and inappropriate take-off reference speeds may have compounded the effects of the contamination. Four (of nine) members of the CASB dissented, issuing a minority opinion asserting that there was no evidence presented proving that ice had been present on leading edges such as the wings, and the minority report speculated that "An in-flight fire that may have resulted from detonations of undetermined origin brought about catastrophic system failures. On 11 December 1985, Arrow Air Flight MF1285R, a Douglas DC-8-63, U.S. registration N9SOJW, departed Cairo, Egypt on an international charter flight to Fort Campbell, Kentucky (Ky), U.S.A. via Cologne, Germany, and Gander, Newfoundland. [2][10] According to United Press International "Hours after the crash the Islamic Jihad – a Shiite Muslim extremist group – claimed it destroyed the plane to prove [its] ability to strike at the Americans anywhere." Arrow Air Flight 1285 achieved flight velocity at 10:15 on December 12, 167 KIAS (“Knots-Indicated Air Speed”) and accelerating. [4] Witnesses reported the aircraft showed difficulty gaining altitude after rotation. Arrow Air Flight 1285 Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF jetliner, registered N950JW, which operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, USA via Cologne, … 256 passengers and crew, had only seconds to live. As of September 2020[update], that death toll still constitutes the deadliest plane crash in Canada,[12] and the United States Army's single deadliest air crash in peacetime. Army Major Gen. John Crosby arrived in Gander at 3:00 p.m. local time, along with Army personnel to assist the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) in their investigative efforts. The accident was investigated by the Canadian Aviation Safety Board (CASB), which determined the probable cause of the crash was the aircraft's unexpectedly high drag and reduced lift condition, most likely was due to ice contamination on the wings' leading edges and upper surfaces,[2] as well as underestimated onboard weight. In 1991, Les Filotas, the CASB board member who told a United States congressional committee that it was impossible for a thin layer of ice to bring down the aircraft, published his exhaustive argument for the minority opinion that a possible in-flight explosion doomed the aircraft.[15]. Arrow Air Lines flight 1285 was carrying 248 members of the unit back home to Fort Campbell from Egypt when it suddenly crashed after a layover in Canada. Arrow air flight 1285. The federal government responded by creating the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. In response to lack of confidence in accident investigations by the CASB, the Government of Canada shut down that board in 1990, replacing it with an independent, multi-modal investigative agency – the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. [2] As of 2021[update], it is the deadliest aviation accident to occur on Canadian soil and the second-deadliest of any accident involving a DC-8,[3] behind the crash of Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 six years later. 24 Jul 20 On the 12th of December 1985, a DC-8 Jetliner operating as Arrow Air flight 1285 crashed on departure from Gander, Canada. 24 memorials. Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF jetliner, registered N950JW, which operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, via Cologne, West Germany and Gander, Newfoundland. The aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF, was chartered to carry U.S. service personnel, all members of the 101st Airborne Division, United States Army, from a six-month deployment in the Sinai, where they had served in the Multinational Force and Observers peacekeeping mission, back to their base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky. December 1985 plane crash in Newfoundland, Canada, Wreckage from Arrow Air Flight 1285 in storage at a Gander Airport hangar on December 16, 1985, Aviation accidents and incidents in Canada, List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft, "Terror bomb ruled out in Canada's worst crash", "Aviation Occurrence Report, Arrow Air Inc. Douglas DC-8-63 N950JW, Gander International Airport, Newfoundland, 12 December 1985", "Canada Judge Rejects New Gander Crash Probe", The Transportation Safety Board Taking centre stage to advance aviation safety, United States Army Center of Military History, Pre-crash photos of the DC-8 in service with Arrow Air and other airline companies, Time Magazine – The Fall of the Screaming Eagles, Globalsecurity.org – 1989 Congressional Debates on Gander Crash, Fort Campbell Courier – Gander-related news articles, Gandercanada.com – Photos of the 20th Anniversary Memorial Service in Gander, CBC News – Ceremonies mark anniversary of deadly Newfoundland air crash, CBC News – Broken Arrow: debate continues after 20 years, Canadian Air Force – The Silent Witness Memorial in Gander, Fatal Combination for Arrow Air Flight 1285, Rootsweb.com – Photographs of the Gander Memorial in, 1985 Narita International Airport bombing, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrow_Air_Flight_1285&oldid=1003105339, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by ice, Airliner accidents and incidents in Canada, Accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8, Airliner accidents and incidents caused by sabotage, Aviation accident investigations with disputed causes, 20th-century military history of the United States, December 1985 events in the United States, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2021, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 12:41. [8] As a result, the Canadian public's confidence in the CASB was undermined. After landing, it continued to be exposed to "freezing and frozen precipitation capable of producing roughening on the wing upper surface" in addition to the freezing temperature. "The Arrow Air DC-8 departed from the terminal at 6:40 a.m. Gander local time, crashing six minutes later less than a half-mile from the end of runway 22. [4] The aircraft departed Cairo at 20:35 UTC on Wednesday 11 December 1985, and arrived at Cologne on Thursday 12 December 1985, at 01:21 UTC. Arrow Air Flight 1285 Arrow Air Flight 1285 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-63CF jetliner, registered N950JW, which operated as an international charter flight carrying U.S. troops from Cairo, Egypt, to their home base in Fort Campbell, Kentucky, via Cologne, Germany and Gander, Newfoundland. The forensic, physical evidence and eyewitness testimony supports an airborne explosion and fire, not icing and an overloaded aircraft. And the crash was ruled an accident. It made a number of stop-offs en route including one at Newfoundland. Other possible factors such as a loss of thrust from the number four engine and inappropriate take-off reference speeds may have compounded the effects of the contamination. [5] The aircraft arrived at Gander International Airport at 0904, where passengers departed the aircraft while the aircraft was refueled. Tom Hinton, director of investigations for the CASB, said the cockpit voice recorder, which records conversations between the pilot and the air traffic control tower, was broken in the crash. The Board believes, however, that the weight of evidence supports the conclusion that, shortly after lift-off, the aircraft experienced an increase in drag and reduction in lift which resulted in a stall at low altitude from which recovery was not possible. [12], Of the 248 servicemen, all but 12 were members of 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), most of whom were from the 3d Battalion, 502nd Infantry; eleven were from other Forces Command units; and one was an agent from the Criminal Investigations Command (CID).[13].
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