The ability to be able to survive in both fresh and salt water also gives another benefit that has been driven by evolution. It also appeals to people because the bullhead shark swims with a definite wiggle motion, quite different from the torpedo-like motion of the bull shark. For comparison, the fastest swimmer on record, with 28 Olympic medals to his credit, is Michael Phelps. For example, the scientific classification of the shortfin mako shark goes like this: Kingdom: Animalia (all animals) Bull sharks have been recorded in the Tigris River since at least 1924 as far upriver as Baghdad. osmolarity) of a bull shark in fresh water is still much higher than that of the external environment. [9][49], They are viviparous, born live and free-swimming. They are … [5] In India, the bull shark may be confused with the Sundarbans or Ganges shark. [56], Bull sharks have no natural predators in the wild, in fact humans are their biggest threat. [55], Behavioral studies have confirmed that sharks can take visual cues in order to discriminate between different objects. Generally, they have one layer of tesserae but bull shark, the great white shark and tiger shark has 2 to 3 layers depending on the size of the body. Scientific & Common Names. Bull sharks are an exception to this, as they have short, rounded, blunt noses. • They turn up in unexpected places: In 2010 they were seen swimming the flooded streets of Brisbane, Australia.• They are athletic: They have been seen leaping up waterfalls like salmon to reach inland lakes.• Some are migratory: In the Amazon bull sharks migrate seasonally up and down the Amazon River.• Strongest bite pressure: The highest shark bite pressure ever recorded for any shark of their size. Scientists think that the male grabs the female by the tail and holds her until she rolls over, at which time mating can take place. These sharks are found in warm coastal waters less than 100 feet (30 m) deep, but they can swim far up freshwater rivers and live in freshwater lakes if they choose. Etymology. The mother does not provide any care for them after birth. Bull Sharks prey on fish, sharks, and stingrays. [36] The kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine, but also play an important role in the active reabsorption of solutes into the blood. Their class is on Chondrichthyes. They give birth in the fresh water of rivers. The bull shark can be found around the world, anywhere where there are warm, shallow, coastal waters. This is one of 43 shark species that can live in both seawater and freshwater. In Africa, it is also commonly called the Zambezi Rivershark or just Zambi. Bull sharks are often considered to be the most dangerous sharks to humans because of their aggressive tendencies and ability to migrate up rivers. Bullhead sharks are not stocky in appearance, having relatively long, thin bodies and prominent “horns” on their heads.Both types of sharks feed on fish and crustaceans, among other things, but the bullhead’s diet is limited to small species, while the bull shark can eat large fish and other animals. Common Names - Bull Shark, Bullhead Shark, Cub Shark, … 3-The bull shark is present in almost all water bodies like rivers, lakes, and coastal areas. [52] This is an explanation for the behavior that is observed from the Bull sharks as to why there would be any reason for the adult bull shark to ever travel into a freshwater area despite being able to tolerate the high salinity of marine water. [citation needed] It can live in water with a high salt content as in St. Lucia Estuary in South Africa. Bull sharks are known to be responsible for 104 attacks on humans during the last 150 years. Common Names. [19] Along with the tiger shark and great white shark, bull sharks are among the three shark species most likely to bite humans.[5]. They live exclusively on a diet of other animals. Scientific Name - Carcharhinus leucas. It is known for its aggressive nature, and presence in warm, shallow brackish and freshwater systems including estuaries and rivers. Populations of bull sharks are also found in several major rivers, with more than 500 bull sharks thought to be living in the Brisbane River. Bull sharks in freshwater environments decrease the salt-excretory activity of the rectal gland, thereby conserving sodium and chloride. [45][46], Sharks are opportunistic feeders,[44] and the bull shark is no exception to this, as it is part of the Carcharhinus family of sharks. Scientific Classification Bull Sharks have a scientific name; Carcharhinus leucas. Will look and the actions involved. [38] Recent work also shows that the differences in density of fresh water to that of marine waters result in significantly greater negative buoyancies in sharks occupying fresh water, resulting in increasing costs of living in fresh water. Sharks are a large group of animals belonging to the class of cartilaginous fishes. Scientific Nomenclature – The Shark Naming System All organisms have a double-barreled (“binomial”) scientific name written in Latin. Class - Chondricthyes. 1-The scientific name is Carcharhinus leucas for a bull shark. Bullhead sharks and bull sharks do not have much in common except the fact that they are sharks. [27] Bull sharks have also been found in the Potomac River in Maryland. At some points, the harassment of the male can become violent. These fishes belong to the kingdom Animalia and phylum Chordata. They also usually butt prey with their heads before attacking. The Bull Shark is a commonly known and widely distributed species of shark, known for aggressive territorial behaviour and the ability to live in fresh and salt water. Category: Shark . [36] The gills of bull sharks are likely to be involved in the uptake of sodium and chloride from the surrounding fresh water,[37] whereas urea is produced in the liver as required with changes in environmental salinity. The common length of a Bull shark is 2.6 m but a male can get up to 3.6 m and a female can grow to 4 m in length. [30] The golf course has capitalized on the novelty and now hosts a monthly tournament called the "Shark Lake Challenge". According to many experts, bull sharks are one of the most dangerous sharks in the world. Gestation lasts 10 to 11 months.Babies, called pups, are born in fresh water, providing them protection from the many predators that live in the sea. One way the bull shark is able to conserve energy is that when the tidal flow changes, the bull shark uses the tidal flow in order to conserve energy as it moves downriver. They are hunted by people for their oil, hide, and meat. After gestating for 12 months, a bull shark may give birth to 1 to 13 live young. The Bull Shark – They’re everywhere you wouldn’t expect them to be! They were testing to find out what determined the movement of the young bull sharks. Unlike the river sharks of the genus Glyphis, bull sharks are not true freshwater sharks, despite their ability to survive in freshwater habitats. The stomach was opened and all that was found were two small, unidentifiable fishes. Josue Acevedo 01.24.21 INTRODUCTION The bull shark/Carcharhinus leucas (scientific name) lives throughout the world but mostly commonly in warm and shallow ocean waters, but they've been known to swim into freshwater rivers. The average sized bull shark is around 3.4 metres. The bull shark has traveled 4,000 km (2,500 mi) up the Amazon River to Iquitos in Peru[23] and north Bolivia. David Burnie, Dorling Kindersley (2011) Animal, The Definitive Visual Guide To The World's Wildlife, Tom Jackson, Lorenz Books (2007) The World Encyclopedia Of Animals, David Burnie, Kingfisher (2011) The Kingfisher Animal Encyclopedia, Richard Mackay, University of California Press (2009) The Atlas Of Endangered Species, David Burnie, Dorling Kindersley (2008) Illustrated Encyclopedia Of Animals, Dorling Kindersley (2006) Dorling Kindersley Encyclopedia Of Animals. No exact count of the bull shark population exists. The jaw of large great white shark has five layers. These include silky, curly, or wavy. The young bull sharks are free from predators while they grow up in the river before they go out to the sea to find mates.[51]. This is a distraction tactic; if the predator moves to eat the regurgitated food the bull shark can use the opportunity to escape. [11], Bull sharks have a bite force up to 5,914 newtons (1,330 lbf), weight for weight the highest among all investigated cartilaginous fishes. [33] Reproduction is one of the reasons why adult bull sharks travel into the river—it is thought to be a physiological strategy to improve juvenile survival and a way to increase overall fitness of bull sharks. Alopias Vulpinus is the binomial nomenclature (or scientific name) of the fox shark, more commonly known as a thresher shark. On this website we use the scientific names of sharks in our species descriptions, for the same reason that scientists do. Adult bull sharks are not generally preyed upon by anything that lives in the ocean. It is known that bull sharks inhabit areas off the coast of Florida, and there have been reports of bull sharks getting close enough to the coast to bite humans, since the bull shark is a territorial animal, which encourages aggressive behavior. Scientific name of shark is Selachimorpha. Selachimorpha comes from a combination of Ancient Greek words – sélakhos and the suffix -morpha. Diet: Bull Sharks will eat almost anything including fish, other sharks and rays, turtles, birds, molluscs, crustaceans and dolphins.. Sharks belong to the Kingdom Animalia. It has a snout that looks something like a pig snout, and has a small mouth underneath the snout. 4-The bull shark is a carnivore and predator. Its genus, Carcharhinus, also includes the sandbar shark, which is not capable of osmoregulation. [21] A large bull shark was caught in the canals of Scarborough, just north of Brisbane within Moreton Bay. The Bull Shark takes its name from a hefty body and bullish features which includes a shortened snout and broad rounded head. Females are bigger than males of the same age.The top swimming speed of a bull shark is 25 miles per hour (40 km/h). [11] Adult female bull sharks average 2.4 m (7.9 ft) long and typically weigh 130 kg (290 lb), whereas the slightly smaller adult male averages 2.25 m (7.4 ft) and 95 kg (209 lb). [35] Despite this, the solute composition (i.e. These fishes go by the scientific name Selachimorpha. There are 350 species of sharks in the world. Genus - Carcharhinus. In fact, the bullhead shark has been described as being cute, comical, clumsy, and charming.Part of the attraction of a bullhead shark is its appearance. They are found in rivers all over the world. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. One was reportedly seen swimming the flooded streets of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, during the 2010–11 Queensland floods. It´s one of 43 shark species that can live in both seawater and freshwater, which means they can be found even in … That makes them what is called an “apex predator,” which is an animal that is at the top of the food chain. Size: Adults can range from 2 to 3.5 metres in length and up to 230kg in weight.. Bull sharks are an exception to this, as they have short, rounded, blunt noses. This behavior is similar to reproductive behavior seen in other sharks.Bull sharks become sexually mature at about 8 to 10 years of age. This increases the likelihood that they will attack a human by mistake, thinking it is a prey animal.Bull sharks are easily provoked and respond to intrusion on their territory with a sudden attack. [34] This bottleneck may have separated the bull shark from the rest of the Elasmobranchii subclass and favored the genes for an osmoregulatory system. [41], The bull shark's diet consists mainly of bony fish and small sharks, including other bull sharks,[4] and stingrays. Bull sharks get their name from their short, blunt snout, as well as their pugnacious disposition and a tendency to head-butt their prey before attacking. The bull shark is one of the few cartilaginous fishes that have been reported in freshwater systems. All elasmobranchs have a rectal gland which functions in the excretion of excess salts accumulated as a consequence of living in seawater. Scientific Name. Habitat of the Bull Shark. These large sharks have a blunt snout, a gray back, and light underside, and can grow to a length of about 11.5 feet and weight of about 500 pounds. The fact that their territory overlaps with places humans like to swim and play in the water makes it more likely that an attack will occur.While it is true that these sharks are aggressive, experts feel that bull sharks do not seek out humans, but will attack them in many situations. The bull shark's caudal fin is longer and lower than that of the larger sharks, and it has a small snout, and lacks an interdorsal ridge. They also eat dead or rotting animals when they encounter them, including dead whales and dead sharks.When they are in rivers or lakes bull sharks sometimes grab animals that come to the water to drink. Many of these bite incidents were attributed to the Ganges shark, Glyphis gangeticus, a critically endangered river shark species, although the sand tiger shark was also blamed during the 1960s and 1970s. A group of sharks is usually called a school, but may also be called a shoal. Even in a special outfit that allowed him to beat his Olympic records, he was only able to swim at 8.8 MPH (14.16 km/h), far slower than a shark.Bull sharks are solitary hunters most of the time, though they do sometimes team up with other bull sharks to make hunting easier. The word “Carcharhinus” means sharp-nosed, because most sharks in this family, like the tiger shark, have very pointed noses. This fact makes the Bull Shark species to be one of the most popular sharks in the world at the moment. Predators of Bull Sharks include humans and tiger sharks. The bull shark gained its name from its stocky build, broad but flat snout, and aggressive and unpredictable behavior. Bull Sharks live in shallow and tropical waters. The bull shark is able to discriminate between colors of mesh netting that is present underwater. They’ve been found in the Amazon River in South America, the Mississippi River in the United States, the Brisbane River in Australia, the Tigris River in the Middle East, and the Ganges River in India. Bull sharks have been seen being attacked and killed by crocodiles in rivers in both Australia and South Africa.The main threat to bull sharks is humans. [24] The species has a distinct preference for warm currents. Because some of these bites happened in freshwater and brackish water, scientists believe a bull shark, or multiple bull sharks, were responsible. Bright yellow mesh netting was found to be easily avoided when it was placed in the path of the bull shark. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. While a bull shark is a large predator that grows up to 11 feet (3.5 m) or more, the bullhead shark is much smaller, usually getting no longer than about 5 feet (1.5 m). These sharks prefer hunting in shallow waters that are close to the coast. This may reduce the added cost of greater negative buoyancy. The bull shark prefers coastal water, which is less than 100 feet in depth. Scientific name: Carcharhinus leucas Alternative name/s: The Bull Shark has also been called the River Shark, Freshwater Whaler, Estuary Whaler and Swan River Whaler. Bull sharks have the dubious distinction of being one of the top three species implicated in unprovoked shark attacks on humans. [33] The majority of the newborn or very young bull sharks were found in the freshwater area, whereas the much older bull sharks were found to be in the saltwater areas, as they had developed a much better tolerance for the salinity. The bull shark’s scientific name is Carcharhinus leucas.
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